Data types in SQL Server : A Quick Read

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A data type is an attribute that specifies the type of data that the object can hold for example integer data, character data, date and time data, binary strings, and so on.
SQL Server supplies a set of system data types that define all the types of data that can be used with SQL Server plus you can define your own data types in Transact-SQL or the Microsoft .NET Framework.

Data types in SQL Server are organized into the following categories:
1 - Exact numerics

bigint
numeric
bit
smallint
decimal
smallmoney
int
tinyint
money

2 - Approximate numerics

float
real

3 - Character strings

char
varchar
text

4- Unicode character strings

nchar
nvarchar
ntext


5 - Binary strings

binary
varbinary
image


6 - Date and time

date
datetimeoffset
datetime2
smalldatetime
datetime
time


7 - Other data types

cursor
timestamp
hierarchyid
uniqueidentifier
sql_variant
xml
table

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